History

History

Dedicated to those who have shared the experience of serving at one of the Cold War’s more interesting outposts.

Wullenweber Antenna
Galeta Island is a remote point near the Atlantic side of the Panama Canal. It was used for strategic communication and intelligence research by the U.S. Navy beginning in the 1930s. In 1959 it became a Naval Security Group Activity (NSGA) and a Wullenweber antenna array was constructed on the site. It became a state-of-the-art Cold War defense facility – part of a worldwide network of signal intelligence analysis.

Sailors who were stationed at Galeta Island lived a few miles away in Coco Solo. Established as a submarine base in 1918, not long after the Panama Canal opened, the base was expanded to include the Coco Solo Naval Air Station. Senator John McCain was born at a small hospital here in 1936. In 1941, the larger Coco Solo Hospital was built. During World War II, the Coco Solo Naval Air Station was home to a squadron of P-38 Lightening aircraft.

Coco Solo, while still housing some military, became housing for Panama Canal Company workers. It had a commissary, movie theater, and the Cristobal Junior & Senior High School. In the 1960s as the Cold War escalated, NSGA Galeta Island was also growing – expanding from about 130 sailors in 1966 to around 300 in 1968.

The Panamanian city of Colón was the nearest city and provided shopping, restaurants, and other entertainment for the youthful American military stationed at Fort Gulick, Coco Solo, and other small installations. Colón was founded in 1850 by Americans working on the Panama Railroad. After the completion of the railroad in 1855, Colón became the most important Caribbean port in Panama. With the building of the canal, its importance grew even more.

Colón is built on a swampy island and was historically a very unhealthy place to be. Yellow Fever was repeatedly a serious threat until Colonel William C. Gorgas came to Panama and addressed the issues of sanitation by draining the surrounding swamps and constructing a system waterworks and sewage facilities.

Today, Colón is an important port, commercial center, and tourist destination. In 1953 it was made a free trade zone and is now the world’s second largest duty-free port. Since the time that the Canal Zone was returned to the Panamanian government, the city has expanded in area to include the former Canal Zone towns of Cristobal, Rainbow City, Margarita, and Coco Solo, as well as the former army base at Fort Gulick.

Galeta Island, Panama Canal Zone
Radio Compass Station, Toro Point, Panama   18 May 1925   Dec 1952
NAVRADSTA Galeta Island, Panama   1930's   Dec 1952
NAVCOMMUNIT 33, NAVRADSTA Galeta Island, Panama   Dec 1952   Dec 1958
NSGA Galeta Island, Panama   Dec 1958   30 Jun 1995
To: Republic of Panama   31 Dec 1999    
To: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute - Punta Galeta   Present